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What is cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor caused by persistent infection with high-risk HPV types and typically progresses from precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN) to invasive carcinoma. It is one of the most common malignancies in women globally and poses a serious threat to women’s health.
Cervical cancer is mainly classified into the following types:
1.Squamous cell carcinoma
The most common type, accounting for 70%–80%, arising from the squamous epithelium of the cervix.
2.Adenocarcinoma
Accounting for 10%–25%, arising from glandular cells of the endocervical canal; its incidence has increased in recent years.
3.Adenosquamous carcinoma
Accounting for 3%–5%, containing components of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
4.Other rare types
Including small cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma, which are relatively uncommon.
5.Precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)
According to clinical guidelines, CIN is classified into three grades: CIN1 (mild), CIN2 (moderate), and CIN3 (severe/carcinoma in situ). This represents the precancerous stage that requires active intervention.
Precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)
According to clinical guidelines, CIN is classified into three grades: CIN1 (mild), CIN2 (moderate), and CIN3 (severe/carcinoma in situ). This represents the precancerous stage that requires active intervention.
Etiology of cervical cancer
1.HPV infection: persistent infection with high-risk HPV types (e.g., HPV16 and HPV18) is the primary cause.
2.Sexual behavior–related factors: multiple sexual partners and early sexual debut (<16 years).
3.Childbearing-related factors: multiparity and early age at first childbirth.
4.Smoking: tobacco metabolites can damage the cervical epithelium.
5.Immunosuppression: such as HIV infection and use of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation.
6.Long-term oral contraceptive use: a history of use for more than 5 years increases risk.
7.Socioeconomic factors: low income and lower educational attainment may adversely affect screening uptake and access to care.
Conclusion
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that cervical cancer seriously endangers women’s health. Prevention and control require a three-tier prevention framework, integrating HPV vaccination, regular screening, and early diagnosis and treatment. Individualized treatment plans should be developed according to stage and patient-specific factors, combining surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and minimally invasive techniques to improve outcomes and quality of survival.
What is cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor caused by persistent infection with high-risk HPV types and typically progresses from precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN) to invasive carcinoma. It is one of the most common malignancies in women globally and poses a serious threat to women’s health.
Cervical cancer is mainly classified into the following types:
1.Squamous cell carcinoma
The most common type, accounting for 70%–80%, arising from the squamous epithelium of the cervix.
2.Adenocarcinoma
Accounting for 10%–25%, arising from glandular cells of the endocervical canal; its incidence has increased in recent years.
3.Adenosquamous carcinoma
Accounting for 3%–5%, containing components of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
4.Other rare types
Including small cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma, which are relatively uncommon.
5.Precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)
According to clinical guidelines, CIN is classified into three grades: CIN1 (mild), CIN2 (moderate), and CIN3 (severe/carcinoma in situ). This represents the precancerous stage that requires active intervention.
Precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)
According to clinical guidelines, CIN is classified into three grades: CIN1 (mild), CIN2 (moderate), and CIN3 (severe/carcinoma in situ). This represents the precancerous stage that requires active intervention.
Etiology of cervical cancer
1.HPV infection: persistent infection with high-risk HPV types (e.g., HPV16 and HPV18) is the primary cause.
2.Sexual behavior–related factors: multiple sexual partners and early sexual debut (<16 years).
3.Childbearing-related factors: multiparity and early age at first childbirth.
4.Smoking: tobacco metabolites can damage the cervical epithelium.
5.Immunosuppression: such as HIV infection and use of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation.
6.Long-term oral contraceptive use: a history of use for more than 5 years increases risk.
7.Socioeconomic factors: low income and lower educational attainment may adversely affect screening uptake and access to care.
Conclusion
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that cervical cancer seriously endangers women’s health. Prevention and control require a three-tier prevention framework, integrating HPV vaccination, regular screening, and early diagnosis and treatment. Individualized treatment plans should be developed according to stage and patient-specific factors, combining surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and minimally invasive techniques to improve outcomes and quality of survival.