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What is ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor originating from ovarian epithelium, germ cells, or stromal tissue. As a common tumor of the female reproductive system, its incidence shows marked geographic variation worldwide. Ovarian cancer is highly invasive and prone to early intraperitoneal dissemination. Clinical manifestations include abdominal distension and pain, ascites, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Main types of ovarian cancer
1.Epithelial ovarian cancer
The most common type, accounting for 85%–90% of cases, arising from the ovarian surface epithelium and encompassing multiple histologic subtypes such as serous carcinoma.
2.Germ cell tumors
More common in younger women, arising from oocyte precursor cells. These tumors are usually chemosensitive and have a relatively favorable prognosis.
3.Sex cord–stromal tumors
Accounting for 5%–8% of ovarian tumors, originating from hormone-producing cells and often accompanied by endocrine-related symptoms.
4.Borderline tumors
Also known as tumors of low malignant potential, these lesions lie between benign and malignant entities, grow slowly, and generally have a favorable prognosis.
Etiology of ovarian cancer
1.Heredity and genetic mutations
Approximately 20%–30% of ovarian cancers are associated with hereditary factors. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations markedly increase risk.
2.Endocrine and reproductive factors
Nulliparity and uninterrupted ovulation may increase risk, whereas breastfeeding and oral contraceptive use are protective.
3.Environmental and lifestyle factors
Smoking, obesity, and a high-fat diet may increase risk; some environmental exposure factors remain to be clarified.
4.Inflammation and chronic irritation
Chronic stimulation from endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease may promote the development of ovarian cancer.
Conclusion
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that ovarian cancer is highly occult and potentially life-threatening. Early detection and timely treatment are pivotal, and emerging approaches such as targeted therapy can improve prognosis. Individuals at high risk should undergo regular examinations and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
What is ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor originating from ovarian epithelium, germ cells, or stromal tissue. As a common tumor of the female reproductive system, its incidence shows marked geographic variation worldwide. Ovarian cancer is highly invasive and prone to early intraperitoneal dissemination. Clinical manifestations include abdominal distension and pain, ascites, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Main types of ovarian cancer
1.Epithelial ovarian cancer
The most common type, accounting for 85%–90% of cases, arising from the ovarian surface epithelium and encompassing multiple histologic subtypes such as serous carcinoma.
2.Germ cell tumors
More common in younger women, arising from oocyte precursor cells. These tumors are usually chemosensitive and have a relatively favorable prognosis.
3.Sex cord–stromal tumors
Accounting for 5%–8% of ovarian tumors, originating from hormone-producing cells and often accompanied by endocrine-related symptoms.
4.Borderline tumors
Also known as tumors of low malignant potential, these lesions lie between benign and malignant entities, grow slowly, and generally have a favorable prognosis.
Etiology of ovarian cancer
1.Heredity and genetic mutations
Approximately 20%–30% of ovarian cancers are associated with hereditary factors. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations markedly increase risk.
2.Endocrine and reproductive factors
Nulliparity and uninterrupted ovulation may increase risk, whereas breastfeeding and oral contraceptive use are protective.
3.Environmental and lifestyle factors
Smoking, obesity, and a high-fat diet may increase risk; some environmental exposure factors remain to be clarified.
4.Inflammation and chronic irritation
Chronic stimulation from endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease may promote the development of ovarian cancer.
Conclusion
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that ovarian cancer is highly occult and potentially life-threatening. Early detection and timely treatment are pivotal, and emerging approaches such as targeted therapy can improve prognosis. Individuals at high risk should undergo regular examinations and maintain a healthy lifestyle.