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1. Microsurgical resection
This approach is suitable for selected low-grade lesions. Complete removal of the vascular nidus under microscopy can substantially reduce the risk of hemorrhage.
2. Endovascular embolization
Embolic materials are delivered via microcatheters into abnormal vessels to reduce or occlude pathological blood flow. It is often used as an adjunct prior to microsurgery or radiosurgery.
3. Stereotactic radiosurgery
This includes Gamma Knife and CyberKnife, which deliver highly precise focused irradiation to induce gradual obliteration of abnormal vessels. Because obliteration typically requires time, scheduled follow-up is needed to assess the degree of closure. It is suitable for small- to medium-sized lesions located deep in the brain or within eloquent areas, where surgical or endovascular risks are relatively high.
4. Comprehensive treatment (multimodality therapy)
For brain arteriovenous malformations located in deep or eloquent regions, or with complex angioarchitecture, staged or combined use of the above modalities is often required following specialist team assessment. Leveraging a hybrid operating room and a DSA platform, our hospital can integrate endovascular intervention and microsurgery within the same procedural workflow, with intraoperative DSA used for real-time evaluation of treatment effects; if residual nidus or abnormal flow is identified, further management can be performed promptly.
5. Conservative observation and follow-up
For selected asymptomatic patients, or those with a high estimated intervention-related risk, follow-up-centered management may be chosen: return visits and imaging surveillance (e.g., MRI/MRA or CTA) should be performed as instructed, with DSA considered when further evaluation is needed. If sudden severe headache, seizures, or new neurological deficits occur, prompt medical attention is required.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that the management of brain arteriovenous malformation should be centered on risk assessment. Through rational combinations of microsurgery, endovascular intervention, and stereotactic radiosurgery, individualized plans can be developed to ensure safety and efficacy, reducing hemorrhagic risk while preserving long-term quality of life.
1. Microsurgical resection
This approach is suitable for selected low-grade lesions. Complete removal of the vascular nidus under microscopy can substantially reduce the risk of hemorrhage.
2. Endovascular embolization
Embolic materials are delivered via microcatheters into abnormal vessels to reduce or occlude pathological blood flow. It is often used as an adjunct prior to microsurgery or radiosurgery.
3. Stereotactic radiosurgery
This includes Gamma Knife and CyberKnife, which deliver highly precise focused irradiation to induce gradual obliteration of abnormal vessels. Because obliteration typically requires time, scheduled follow-up is needed to assess the degree of closure. It is suitable for small- to medium-sized lesions located deep in the brain or within eloquent areas, where surgical or endovascular risks are relatively high.
4. Comprehensive treatment (multimodality therapy)
For brain arteriovenous malformations located in deep or eloquent regions, or with complex angioarchitecture, staged or combined use of the above modalities is often required following specialist team assessment. Leveraging a hybrid operating room and a DSA platform, our hospital can integrate endovascular intervention and microsurgery within the same procedural workflow, with intraoperative DSA used for real-time evaluation of treatment effects; if residual nidus or abnormal flow is identified, further management can be performed promptly.
5. Conservative observation and follow-up
For selected asymptomatic patients, or those with a high estimated intervention-related risk, follow-up-centered management may be chosen: return visits and imaging surveillance (e.g., MRI/MRA or CTA) should be performed as instructed, with DSA considered when further evaluation is needed. If sudden severe headache, seizures, or new neurological deficits occur, prompt medical attention is required.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that the management of brain arteriovenous malformation should be centered on risk assessment. Through rational combinations of microsurgery, endovascular intervention, and stereotactic radiosurgery, individualized plans can be developed to ensure safety and efficacy, reducing hemorrhagic risk while preserving long-term quality of life.