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Basis for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
1.Clinical presentation assessment
A detailed history is obtained regarding hematochezia, bowel habits, abdominal pain, and weight loss, together with digital rectal examination and abdominal palpation.
2.Laboratory testing
Complete blood count, fecal occult blood testing, carcinoembryonic antigen, and assessment of liver and renal function and electrolytes.
3.Colonoscopy
The gold standard, enabling direct visualization and biopsy of lesions; polyps can also be removed during the procedure.
4.Imaging examinations
CT/MRI evaluate invasion and metastasis; PET-CT detects occult lesions; MRI is specifically used for staging rectal cancer.
5.Pathological diagnosis
Determines histologic type, grade, and depth of invasion, and includes mismatch repair testing and RAS/BRAF mutation analysis.
6.Endoscopic ultrasonography
Assesses depth of tumor invasion and perirectal lymph node status.
7.Genetic risk assessment
Collection of family history and genetic counseling to screen for hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes such as Lynch syndrome.
8.Staging
TNM staging, with multidisciplinary discussion to develop individualized treatment plans.
9.Daily self-check for colorectal cancer
Pay attention to stool characteristics, rectal bleeding, and weight changes; high-risk individuals should undergo timely screening.
Conclusion
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is pivotal. High-risk populations should undergo regular colonoscopic screening, and individuals with changes in bowel habits or rectal bleeding should seek prompt medical evaluation. Standardized diagnosis and individualized treatment are key to improving prognosis and survival.
Basis for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
1.Clinical presentation assessment
A detailed history is obtained regarding hematochezia, bowel habits, abdominal pain, and weight loss, together with digital rectal examination and abdominal palpation.
2.Laboratory testing
Complete blood count, fecal occult blood testing, carcinoembryonic antigen, and assessment of liver and renal function and electrolytes.
3.Colonoscopy
The gold standard, enabling direct visualization and biopsy of lesions; polyps can also be removed during the procedure.
4.Imaging examinations
CT/MRI evaluate invasion and metastasis; PET-CT detects occult lesions; MRI is specifically used for staging rectal cancer.
5.Pathological diagnosis
Determines histologic type, grade, and depth of invasion, and includes mismatch repair testing and RAS/BRAF mutation analysis.
6.Endoscopic ultrasonography
Assesses depth of tumor invasion and perirectal lymph node status.
7.Genetic risk assessment
Collection of family history and genetic counseling to screen for hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes such as Lynch syndrome.
8.Staging
TNM staging, with multidisciplinary discussion to develop individualized treatment plans.
9.Daily self-check for colorectal cancer
Pay attention to stool characteristics, rectal bleeding, and weight changes; high-risk individuals should undergo timely screening.
Conclusion
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is pivotal. High-risk populations should undergo regular colonoscopic screening, and individuals with changes in bowel habits or rectal bleeding should seek prompt medical evaluation. Standardized diagnosis and individualized treatment are key to improving prognosis and survival.