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1. Nephron-sparing surgery
For early-stage kidney cancer, partial nephrectomy removes the tumor completely while maximizing preservation of healthy renal parenchyma.
2. Radical nephrectomy
Indicated for larger tumors, involving complete removal of the kidney with perirenal fat and Gerota’s fascia, via a transabdominal or retroperitoneal approach.
3. Laparoscopic surgery
Laparoscopic nephrectomy is minimally invasive with faster recovery and includes both radical and partial nephrectomy, but requires high technical expertise.
4. Robot-assisted surgery
The da Vinci system provides three-dimensional visualization and is particularly suitable for complex partial nephrectomy, although costs are higher.
5. Targeted therapy
Agents targeting the VEGF and mTOR pathways are major treatments for advanced kidney cancer, and should be selected and sequenced in an individualized manner.
6. Immunotherapy
Immune checkpoint inhibitors activate T-cell–mediated antitumor responses; PD-1 inhibitors have become a standard second-line option in advanced disease.
7. Interventional therapy
Includes renal artery embolization and ablation, suitable for small renal tumors in nonsurgical candidates or for selected recurrent cases.
8. Radiotherapy
Kidney cancer is relatively radioresistant to conventional radiotherapy; stereotactic radiotherapy can provide effective local control for oligometastatic lesions.
9. Chemotherapy
Kidney cancer is generally insensitive to chemotherapy; it may be considered in sarcomatoid differentiation or collecting duct carcinoma.
10. Comprehensive multimodal therapy
Treatment should be individualized; surgery may be combined with targeted agents, and advanced disease often requires sequential systemic therapy strategies.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that kidney cancer management should be individualized, and early diagnosis is key to improving cure rates. Advances in minimally invasive surgery have benefited more patients, while targeted therapy and immunotherapy offer new hope for advanced disease. MDT-based collaboration optimizes treatment strategies, and regular follow-up is essential for improving outcomes. The public should undergo routine health examinations and seek timely medical evaluation when symptoms occur.
1. Nephron-sparing surgery
For early-stage kidney cancer, partial nephrectomy removes the tumor completely while maximizing preservation of healthy renal parenchyma.
2. Radical nephrectomy
Indicated for larger tumors, involving complete removal of the kidney with perirenal fat and Gerota’s fascia, via a transabdominal or retroperitoneal approach.
3. Laparoscopic surgery
Laparoscopic nephrectomy is minimally invasive with faster recovery and includes both radical and partial nephrectomy, but requires high technical expertise.
4. Robot-assisted surgery
The da Vinci system provides three-dimensional visualization and is particularly suitable for complex partial nephrectomy, although costs are higher.
5. Targeted therapy
Agents targeting the VEGF and mTOR pathways are major treatments for advanced kidney cancer, and should be selected and sequenced in an individualized manner.
6. Immunotherapy
Immune checkpoint inhibitors activate T-cell–mediated antitumor responses; PD-1 inhibitors have become a standard second-line option in advanced disease.
7. Interventional therapy
Includes renal artery embolization and ablation, suitable for small renal tumors in nonsurgical candidates or for selected recurrent cases.
8. Radiotherapy
Kidney cancer is relatively radioresistant to conventional radiotherapy; stereotactic radiotherapy can provide effective local control for oligometastatic lesions.
9. Chemotherapy
Kidney cancer is generally insensitive to chemotherapy; it may be considered in sarcomatoid differentiation or collecting duct carcinoma.
10. Comprehensive multimodal therapy
Treatment should be individualized; surgery may be combined with targeted agents, and advanced disease often requires sequential systemic therapy strategies.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that kidney cancer management should be individualized, and early diagnosis is key to improving cure rates. Advances in minimally invasive surgery have benefited more patients, while targeted therapy and immunotherapy offer new hope for advanced disease. MDT-based collaboration optimizes treatment strategies, and regular follow-up is essential for improving outcomes. The public should undergo routine health examinations and seek timely medical evaluation when symptoms occur.