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1. Clinical assessment
A detailed history should focus on fever, bleeding, and fatigue, and physical examination should assess anemia as well as hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.
2. Complete blood count
Peripheral blood cell counts and morphology are examined to identify abnormalities such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocyte abnormalities, and circulating immature cells.
3. Bone marrow aspiration and examination
This is the diagnostic gold standard. Morphologic analysis helps determine leukemia type, and cytogenetic and molecular studies are performed simultaneously.
4. Immunophenotyping
Flow cytometry detects lineage-specific antigens to determine cell origin and stage of differentiation, supporting subtype classification and targeted treatment decisions.
5. Cytogenetic analysis
Conventional karyotyping and FISH identify chromosomal abnormalities with major diagnostic and prognostic significance.
6. Molecular testing
PCR and sequencing are used to detect gene mutations and fusion genes for diagnosis, targeted therapy selection, and minimal residual disease monitoring.
7. Imaging studies
X-ray, CT, and MRI may be used to evaluate organ infiltration and other complications, supporting staging-related assessment and treatment planning.
8. Cerebrospinal fluid examination
Lumbar puncture is performed to assess for leukemic cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and to diagnose or help prevent central nervous system leukemia.
9. Daily self-monitoring for leukemia
Pay attention to skin or mucosal bleeding spots, fatigue, and fever, and monitor body weight. Seek medical evaluation and a blood count promptly if abnormalities occur.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that leukemia is a serious malignant hematologic disease with a complex diagnostic process. Early symptoms are often atypical and may be overlooked or misdiagnosed, which can reduce treatment effectiveness. Vigilance for typical warning signs such as anemia, bleeding, and fever is therefore essential. High-risk individuals should undergo regular health examinations, and anyone with suspicious symptoms should seek prompt medical evaluation for definitive diagnosis. Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration can significantly improve prognosis.
1. Clinical assessment
A detailed history should focus on fever, bleeding, and fatigue, and physical examination should assess anemia as well as hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.
2. Complete blood count
Peripheral blood cell counts and morphology are examined to identify abnormalities such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocyte abnormalities, and circulating immature cells.
3. Bone marrow aspiration and examination
This is the diagnostic gold standard. Morphologic analysis helps determine leukemia type, and cytogenetic and molecular studies are performed simultaneously.
4. Immunophenotyping
Flow cytometry detects lineage-specific antigens to determine cell origin and stage of differentiation, supporting subtype classification and targeted treatment decisions.
5. Cytogenetic analysis
Conventional karyotyping and FISH identify chromosomal abnormalities with major diagnostic and prognostic significance.
6. Molecular testing
PCR and sequencing are used to detect gene mutations and fusion genes for diagnosis, targeted therapy selection, and minimal residual disease monitoring.
7. Imaging studies
X-ray, CT, and MRI may be used to evaluate organ infiltration and other complications, supporting staging-related assessment and treatment planning.
8. Cerebrospinal fluid examination
Lumbar puncture is performed to assess for leukemic cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and to diagnose or help prevent central nervous system leukemia.
9. Daily self-monitoring for leukemia
Pay attention to skin or mucosal bleeding spots, fatigue, and fever, and monitor body weight. Seek medical evaluation and a blood count promptly if abnormalities occur.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that leukemia is a serious malignant hematologic disease with a complex diagnostic process. Early symptoms are often atypical and may be overlooked or misdiagnosed, which can reduce treatment effectiveness. Vigilance for typical warning signs such as anemia, bleeding, and fever is therefore essential. High-risk individuals should undergo regular health examinations, and anyone with suspicious symptoms should seek prompt medical evaluation for definitive diagnosis. Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and multidisciplinary collaboration can significantly improve prognosis.