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1. Hepatic resection
A preferred curative approach for early-stage liver cancer. Adequate residual liver function must be preserved; the postoperative 5-year survival rate is approximately 40%–70%.
2. Liver transplantation
The optimal option for small liver cancers within the Milan criteria accompanied by severe cirrhosis, enabling removal of both tumor and underlying diseased liver.
3. Radiofrequency ablation
Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation, suitable for tumors ≤3 cm, with efficacy comparable to surgery and minimal invasiveness.
4. Microwave ablation
Microwave energy induces coagulative necrosis; ablation is faster with a larger zone, and the technique is widely used clinically.
5. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)
A major approach for intermediate to advanced liver cancer, embolizing tumor-feeding arteries while delivering intra-arterial chemotherapy to induce tumor necrosis.
6. Radiotherapy
External beam radiotherapy or radioembolization for patients who are not surgical candidates, including control of portal vein tumor thrombus.
7. Targeted therapy
Multikinase inhibitors such as sorafenib inhibit angiogenesis and proliferative signaling pathways.
8. Immunotherapy
PD-1 inhibitors activate antitumor immunity; combined regimens with targeted agents can significantly improve efficacy.
9. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE)
Radioactive microspheres are infused into the hepatic artery to deliver internal radiation, effectively prolonging survival in unresectable disease.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that liver cancer poses a serious threat to human health, with poor outcomes in advanced stages. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are pivotal. A combination of structured surveillance for high-risk populations and stage-adapted individualized strategies — integrating surgery, ablation, interventional procedures, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy within a multidisciplinary framework — can substantially improve outcomes and quality of survival.
1. Hepatic resection
A preferred curative approach for early-stage liver cancer. Adequate residual liver function must be preserved; the postoperative 5-year survival rate is approximately 40%–70%.
2. Liver transplantation
The optimal option for small liver cancers within the Milan criteria accompanied by severe cirrhosis, enabling removal of both tumor and underlying diseased liver.
3. Radiofrequency ablation
Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation, suitable for tumors ≤3 cm, with efficacy comparable to surgery and minimal invasiveness.
4. Microwave ablation
Microwave energy induces coagulative necrosis; ablation is faster with a larger zone, and the technique is widely used clinically.
5. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)
A major approach for intermediate to advanced liver cancer, embolizing tumor-feeding arteries while delivering intra-arterial chemotherapy to induce tumor necrosis.
6. Radiotherapy
External beam radiotherapy or radioembolization for patients who are not surgical candidates, including control of portal vein tumor thrombus.
7. Targeted therapy
Multikinase inhibitors such as sorafenib inhibit angiogenesis and proliferative signaling pathways.
8. Immunotherapy
PD-1 inhibitors activate antitumor immunity; combined regimens with targeted agents can significantly improve efficacy.
9. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE)
Radioactive microspheres are infused into the hepatic artery to deliver internal radiation, effectively prolonging survival in unresectable disease.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that liver cancer poses a serious threat to human health, with poor outcomes in advanced stages. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are pivotal. A combination of structured surveillance for high-risk populations and stage-adapted individualized strategies — integrating surgery, ablation, interventional procedures, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy within a multidisciplinary framework — can substantially improve outcomes and quality of survival.