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1. Systemic drug therapy regimens
Combination therapy using proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and other agents is the backbone of myeloma treatment. These drugs suppress plasma cell proliferation and promote tumor cell apoptosis, and are selected and sequenced according to risk and treatment response.
2. Minimally invasive techniques
Percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty strengthens weakened vertebrae by injecting bone cement through a needle puncture. These procedures can rapidly relieve pain, stabilize fractures, and reduce disability with relatively low trauma.
3. Surgical interventions
For vertebral involvement causing refractory pain, spinal instability, or neurological deficits (e.g., cord compression), surgery such as posterior decompression and fixation or reconstruction may be considered to restore stability and preserve neurological function.
4. Radiotherapy
Focal radiotherapy is commonly used for palliation of painful bone lesions and local control of plasmacytoma. Modern techniques aim to relieve symptoms while minimizing damage to adjacent normal tissues.
5. Targeted and antibody-based therapy
Targeted strategies include monoclonal antibodies such as anti-CD38 agents, which act directly on myeloma cells and are often combined with standard backbones to improve depth and duration of response.
6. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Autologous stem cell transplantation is an important option for eligible patients (typically younger and fit). High-dose chemotherapy is followed by stem cell rescue to reconstitute hematopoiesis and achieve deeper remission.
7. Supportive care and complication management
Supportive treatment is essential throughout the disease course, including management of myeloma bone disease, anemia, infection prevention and treatment, renal protection, pain control, and rehabilitation—aimed at improving functional status and treatment tolerance.
8. Multidisciplinary care model
A coordinated approach integrating hematology, orthopedics, radiology, radiation oncology, nephrology, and rehabilitation optimizes decision-making and ensures continuity of care across diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship.
9. Cytogenetics-guided risk stratification
FISH-based detection of high-risk abnormalities (e.g., TP53/17p deletion and other adverse markers) supports prognostic evaluation and can influence regimen intensity, sequencing, and follow-up strategy.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that multiple myeloma is a malignant hematologic disorder that can lead to severe skeletal destruction, renal failure, and recurrent infections, posing a serious threat to life. With advances ranging from traditional chemotherapy to modern targeted and immune-based therapies, outcomes have improved substantially. Early diagnosis, standardized treatment, and full-course management are critical. Patients are encouraged to actively adhere to individualized treatment plans and long-term follow-up to maximize quality of life and survival.
1. Systemic drug therapy regimens
Combination therapy using proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and other agents is the backbone of myeloma treatment. These drugs suppress plasma cell proliferation and promote tumor cell apoptosis, and are selected and sequenced according to risk and treatment response.
2. Minimally invasive techniques
Percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty strengthens weakened vertebrae by injecting bone cement through a needle puncture. These procedures can rapidly relieve pain, stabilize fractures, and reduce disability with relatively low trauma.
3. Surgical interventions
For vertebral involvement causing refractory pain, spinal instability, or neurological deficits (e.g., cord compression), surgery such as posterior decompression and fixation or reconstruction may be considered to restore stability and preserve neurological function.
4. Radiotherapy
Focal radiotherapy is commonly used for palliation of painful bone lesions and local control of plasmacytoma. Modern techniques aim to relieve symptoms while minimizing damage to adjacent normal tissues.
5. Targeted and antibody-based therapy
Targeted strategies include monoclonal antibodies such as anti-CD38 agents, which act directly on myeloma cells and are often combined with standard backbones to improve depth and duration of response.
6. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Autologous stem cell transplantation is an important option for eligible patients (typically younger and fit). High-dose chemotherapy is followed by stem cell rescue to reconstitute hematopoiesis and achieve deeper remission.
7. Supportive care and complication management
Supportive treatment is essential throughout the disease course, including management of myeloma bone disease, anemia, infection prevention and treatment, renal protection, pain control, and rehabilitation—aimed at improving functional status and treatment tolerance.
8. Multidisciplinary care model
A coordinated approach integrating hematology, orthopedics, radiology, radiation oncology, nephrology, and rehabilitation optimizes decision-making and ensures continuity of care across diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship.
9. Cytogenetics-guided risk stratification
FISH-based detection of high-risk abnormalities (e.g., TP53/17p deletion and other adverse markers) supports prognostic evaluation and can influence regimen intensity, sequencing, and follow-up strategy.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that multiple myeloma is a malignant hematologic disorder that can lead to severe skeletal destruction, renal failure, and recurrent infections, posing a serious threat to life. With advances ranging from traditional chemotherapy to modern targeted and immune-based therapies, outcomes have improved substantially. Early diagnosis, standardized treatment, and full-course management are critical. Patients are encouraged to actively adhere to individualized treatment plans and long-term follow-up to maximize quality of life and survival.