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1. Active surveillance
Low-risk patients undergo regular PSA testing and repeat biopsy to avoid overtreatment, with timely intervention if progression occurs.
2. Radical prostatectomy
Open or robot-assisted removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles; robotic surgery provides improved visualization and facilitates nerve-sparing when appropriate.
3. External beam radiotherapy
Modern techniques such as IMRT and stereotactic body radiotherapy deliver highly conformal dose escalation while sparing normal tissues.
4. Brachytherapy
Radioactive seed implantation delivers concentrated intraprostatic dose with limited collateral injury and is suitable for selected low- to intermediate-risk patients.
5. Endocrine therapy
Medical or surgical androgen deprivation suppresses tumor growth and is a cornerstone of advanced disease management, with recognized adverse effects.
6. Chemotherapy
Docetaxel is a standard first-line agent; cabazitaxel is used as second-line therapy after resistance or progression.
7. Targeted therapy
PARP inhibitors are indicated for BRCA-mutated disease, and agents such as enzalutamide and abiraterone improve survival in advanced stages.
8. Immunotherapy
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the sipuleucel-T vaccine provide additional options for selected patients with advanced disease.
9. Management of bone metastases
Bisphosphonates, radium-223, and external beam radiotherapy relieve bone pain and reduce skeletal-related events.
10. High-intensity focused ultrasound
Focal ultrasound ablation is minimally invasive and may be used for selected early-stage disease or for local recurrence after radiotherapy.
11. Cryoablation
Cryotherapy destroys tumor tissue via freeze–thaw injury and may be considered for early-stage disease or localized recurrence with strict patient selection.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that prostate cancer poses a major threat to men’s health, and management is complex and requires individualized planning. Early standardized diagnosis and treatment can markedly improve cure rates. MDT-based collaboration is essential, and emerging therapies continue to improve prognosis. Patients are encouraged to maintain confidence, pursue active treatment, and adhere to regular follow-up.
1. Active surveillance
Low-risk patients undergo regular PSA testing and repeat biopsy to avoid overtreatment, with timely intervention if progression occurs.
2. Radical prostatectomy
Open or robot-assisted removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles; robotic surgery provides improved visualization and facilitates nerve-sparing when appropriate.
3. External beam radiotherapy
Modern techniques such as IMRT and stereotactic body radiotherapy deliver highly conformal dose escalation while sparing normal tissues.
4. Brachytherapy
Radioactive seed implantation delivers concentrated intraprostatic dose with limited collateral injury and is suitable for selected low- to intermediate-risk patients.
5. Endocrine therapy
Medical or surgical androgen deprivation suppresses tumor growth and is a cornerstone of advanced disease management, with recognized adverse effects.
6. Chemotherapy
Docetaxel is a standard first-line agent; cabazitaxel is used as second-line therapy after resistance or progression.
7. Targeted therapy
PARP inhibitors are indicated for BRCA-mutated disease, and agents such as enzalutamide and abiraterone improve survival in advanced stages.
8. Immunotherapy
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the sipuleucel-T vaccine provide additional options for selected patients with advanced disease.
9. Management of bone metastases
Bisphosphonates, radium-223, and external beam radiotherapy relieve bone pain and reduce skeletal-related events.
10. High-intensity focused ultrasound
Focal ultrasound ablation is minimally invasive and may be used for selected early-stage disease or for local recurrence after radiotherapy.
11. Cryoablation
Cryotherapy destroys tumor tissue via freeze–thaw injury and may be considered for early-stage disease or localized recurrence with strict patient selection.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that prostate cancer poses a major threat to men’s health, and management is complex and requires individualized planning. Early standardized diagnosis and treatment can markedly improve cure rates. MDT-based collaboration is essential, and emerging therapies continue to improve prognosis. Patients are encouraged to maintain confidence, pursue active treatment, and adhere to regular follow-up.