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1. Clinical assessment
A detailed history should include cryptorchidism and family history, with examination of the mass size, consistency, and lymph node status.
2. Ultrasound imaging
High-frequency scrotal ultrasonography is the first-line imaging modality. It clearly shows testicular structure and helps distinguish tumor from inflammatory lesions.
3. Tumor marker testing
Measurement of AFP, hCG, and LDH is essential for diagnosis, subtype assessment, and prognostic evaluation.
4. Computed tomography
Abdominal and pelvic CT is used to assess retroperitoneal lymph nodes and distant metastases, while chest CT is used to evaluate the lungs.
5. Pathological examination
Histopathology of the specimen after radical orchiectomy is the gold standard, confirming tumor type and vascular invasion.
6. Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI can provide high-resolution assessment of tumor extent and may be used as a supplementary tool in difficult cases when ultrasound findings are inconclusive.
7. Retroperitoneal lymph node assessment
Imaging or biopsy is used to evaluate metastatic involvement, which is important for staging and treatment selection.
8. Staging system
Accurate TNM staging guides treatment planning and prognostic assessment.
9. Daily self-examination for testicular cancer
After bathing each month, gently roll each testis between the fingers to check for lumps or hard areas. Seek medical attention promptly if abnormalities are found.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that testicular cancer mainly affects young men, and early symptoms may be atypical and easily overlooked. Vigilance, regular self-examination, and timely medical evaluation are key to early detection. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment can significantly improve prognosis. Multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized treatment strategies can enhance clinical outcomes and maximize health protection.
1. Clinical assessment
A detailed history should include cryptorchidism and family history, with examination of the mass size, consistency, and lymph node status.
2. Ultrasound imaging
High-frequency scrotal ultrasonography is the first-line imaging modality. It clearly shows testicular structure and helps distinguish tumor from inflammatory lesions.
3. Tumor marker testing
Measurement of AFP, hCG, and LDH is essential for diagnosis, subtype assessment, and prognostic evaluation.
4. Computed tomography
Abdominal and pelvic CT is used to assess retroperitoneal lymph nodes and distant metastases, while chest CT is used to evaluate the lungs.
5. Pathological examination
Histopathology of the specimen after radical orchiectomy is the gold standard, confirming tumor type and vascular invasion.
6. Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI can provide high-resolution assessment of tumor extent and may be used as a supplementary tool in difficult cases when ultrasound findings are inconclusive.
7. Retroperitoneal lymph node assessment
Imaging or biopsy is used to evaluate metastatic involvement, which is important for staging and treatment selection.
8. Staging system
Accurate TNM staging guides treatment planning and prognostic assessment.
9. Daily self-examination for testicular cancer
After bathing each month, gently roll each testis between the fingers to check for lumps or hard areas. Seek medical attention promptly if abnormalities are found.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that testicular cancer mainly affects young men, and early symptoms may be atypical and easily overlooked. Vigilance, regular self-examination, and timely medical evaluation are key to early detection. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment can significantly improve prognosis. Multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized treatment strategies can enhance clinical outcomes and maximize health protection.