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1. Clinical presentation assessment
A detailed history should include hygiene habits and HPV exposure, with evaluation of lesion size, location, and lymph node status.
2. Tissue biopsy
Biopsy or excision of the lesion is performed for histopathological examination to determine tumor type, grade, and depth of invasion.
3. Ultrasound imaging
High-frequency ultrasonography can clearly show tissue layers and help assess tumor invasion depth and vascular characteristics.
4. Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI provides high-resolution assessment of tumor extent and adjacent tissue invasion; contrast enhancement improves staging accuracy.
5. Computed tomography
CT is used to evaluate inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes and to detect possible distant metastases.
6. Sentinel lymph node assessment
Sentinel node mapping and biopsy can evaluate metastatic status and help avoid unnecessary lymph node dissection.
7. Laboratory testing
HPV testing, tumor-related markers, and routine laboratory studies may support diagnosis and assess general condition.
8. Differential diagnosis
Penile cancer should be differentiated from condyloma acuminatum, benign ulcers, and other mimicking lesions; combined imaging and pathology improve diagnostic accuracy.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that penile cancer has a complex diagnostic process, and early symptoms are often atypical, leading to delayed diagnosis and impaired quality of life. Vigilance is essential, and suspicious symptoms should prompt timely medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are key to improving prognosis. Multidisciplinary collaboration can enhance diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes, and regular self-examination may help detect lesions earlier.
1. Clinical presentation assessment
A detailed history should include hygiene habits and HPV exposure, with evaluation of lesion size, location, and lymph node status.
2. Tissue biopsy
Biopsy or excision of the lesion is performed for histopathological examination to determine tumor type, grade, and depth of invasion.
3. Ultrasound imaging
High-frequency ultrasonography can clearly show tissue layers and help assess tumor invasion depth and vascular characteristics.
4. Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI provides high-resolution assessment of tumor extent and adjacent tissue invasion; contrast enhancement improves staging accuracy.
5. Computed tomography
CT is used to evaluate inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes and to detect possible distant metastases.
6. Sentinel lymph node assessment
Sentinel node mapping and biopsy can evaluate metastatic status and help avoid unnecessary lymph node dissection.
7. Laboratory testing
HPV testing, tumor-related markers, and routine laboratory studies may support diagnosis and assess general condition.
8. Differential diagnosis
Penile cancer should be differentiated from condyloma acuminatum, benign ulcers, and other mimicking lesions; combined imaging and pathology improve diagnostic accuracy.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that penile cancer has a complex diagnostic process, and early symptoms are often atypical, leading to delayed diagnosis and impaired quality of life. Vigilance is essential, and suspicious symptoms should prompt timely medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are key to improving prognosis. Multidisciplinary collaboration can enhance diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes, and regular self-examination may help detect lesions earlier.