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1. Local excision
Preferred for early superficial tumors. The lesion is removed with an adequate safety margin, causing limited trauma while preserving function.
2. Laser therapy
Carbon dioxide or Nd: YAG laser can precisely ablate small superficial tumors, with limited trauma and rapid healing.
3. Microsurgical treatment
Microsurgery allows precise excision under magnification, maximizing preservation of normal tissue and functional recovery.
4. Partial penectomy
The penis is resected with a margin of at least 2 cm proximal to the tumor, preserving part of urinary and sexual function.
5. Total penectomy
A radical procedure for proximal or extensive tumors, combined with perineal urethrostomy, resulting in loss of penile function.
6. Inguinal lymph node dissection
Therapeutic dissection of metastatic lymph nodes may improve prognosis, but can be associated with complications such as lymphedema.
7. Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Targeted sentinel node biopsy accurately assesses nodal metastasis, helping avoid unnecessary dissection and reduce complications.
8. Radiotherapy
External beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy may be used for definitive treatment in selected early cases or palliation in advanced disease.
9. Chemotherapy
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including cisplatin-based regimens, may downstage tumors and improve resectability in advanced disease.
10. Targeted therapy
Directed at specific molecular targets and requires genomic selection; this approach remains under investigation.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that treatment of penile cancer must balance tumor control with preservation of function. Early standardized diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve cure rates and maximize organ preservation. MDT-based individualized planning is essential, and newer therapeutic approaches continue to advance. Patients are encouraged to maintain confidence, actively participate in treatment, and adhere to regular follow-up.
1. Local excision
Preferred for early superficial tumors. The lesion is removed with an adequate safety margin, causing limited trauma while preserving function.
2. Laser therapy
Carbon dioxide or Nd: YAG laser can precisely ablate small superficial tumors, with limited trauma and rapid healing.
3. Microsurgical treatment
Microsurgery allows precise excision under magnification, maximizing preservation of normal tissue and functional recovery.
4. Partial penectomy
The penis is resected with a margin of at least 2 cm proximal to the tumor, preserving part of urinary and sexual function.
5. Total penectomy
A radical procedure for proximal or extensive tumors, combined with perineal urethrostomy, resulting in loss of penile function.
6. Inguinal lymph node dissection
Therapeutic dissection of metastatic lymph nodes may improve prognosis, but can be associated with complications such as lymphedema.
7. Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Targeted sentinel node biopsy accurately assesses nodal metastasis, helping avoid unnecessary dissection and reduce complications.
8. Radiotherapy
External beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy may be used for definitive treatment in selected early cases or palliation in advanced disease.
9. Chemotherapy
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including cisplatin-based regimens, may downstage tumors and improve resectability in advanced disease.
10. Targeted therapy
Directed at specific molecular targets and requires genomic selection; this approach remains under investigation.
Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine emphasizes that treatment of penile cancer must balance tumor control with preservation of function. Early standardized diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve cure rates and maximize organ preservation. MDT-based individualized planning is essential, and newer therapeutic approaches continue to advance. Patients are encouraged to maintain confidence, actively participate in treatment, and adhere to regular follow-up.